ISO 19650 BIM standards, (pros & cons)
by Nicoleta Panagiotidou, Director at BIM Design Hub
In the construction sector, there is still a lot of confusion in terms of the implementation of BIM process, standards, and technology. BIM is often perceived as the answer to construction industry problems and as the means to overcome the challenges that every client, architect, engineer, or contractor faces; delays, miscommunication, extra cost, clashes, poor data, lack of trust, low productivity, rework, etc.
In order for BIM to drive the digital transformation in the sector a fundamental change in the working style is required ,which is a massive cutlural shift from an adversial culture to a collaborative culture.
After all, the digital tools available today need to be properly controlled and managed so that the information can be produced and reviewed in a structured manner and then provided to the right party at the right time. In the digital world, we need to collaborate and communicate in a structured manner to control the digital flow of information and outcomes. BIM is not the answer to all of our problems. Still, we have to combine it with the other links to our sector, such as integrated project delivery, offsite construction, lean construction, smart cities, and sustainability.
The value of BIM if you are in your 40s
Anyone who graduated around 2000, as an architect or an engineer, understands the value of the digital transformation in the sector, even those who are in general hesitant with changes or are not thrilled about the digital ways of working for numerous reasons.
All professionals who graduated around 2000 (like I did) had the advantage to experience both the CAD-based construction projects and the digital evolution of BIM that we experience today. This fact translates first to an understanding of how complex a construction project can be and what are the common challenges in the sector. Secondly, our generation is still professionally active and “young” enough to understand and embrace the digital transformation. I would say that the timing is great; we can compare old ways with the new ones, evaluate the changes both in our daily professional routine and the sector, and lead the way to digital transformation based on our understanding of the construction process. Training and skills development are indeed necessary no matter your age or your experience in the field, and the personal study of the BIM industry standards is highly recommended.
In contrast, the younger professionals in their 30s, and especially those in their 20s, have some or little experience in construction projects; therefore, they can not exactly understand the granularity and the significance of the digital transformation that occurs with BIM. Younger architects and engineers follow the current trends to acquire the skills and knowledge to find a job and make a career in BIM, in line with the latest industry demand. And the timing is good for them, too; they are not obliged to offset, trim and extend lines to manually draw a section of a building. They do not necessarily need to print drawings and 2D layouts. They do not necessarily need to work in an office (BIM supports remote working with the cloud solutions). They do not necessarily need to communicate with emails and pdfs, as long as the company they work for has a Common data environment, a BIM authoring, and a BIM coordination software.
From UK BIM Level 2 to ISO 19650
The UK government dedicated more than a decade to test, review and get feedback from the industry to achieve the BIM UK Level 2 goals and lead the way to digitalization. The BIM UK standards are considered a valuable asset for the construction industry; however they are often complex and interconnected with each other, and the user usually needs more than one standard to understand a specific concept. Nevertheless, the UK standards start as Publicly Available Specifications, which means that are tested and revised in connection with the industry, and they later contribute to the development of the ISO standards.
As part of the BIM Level 2 initiative, the UK industry attracted several industry experts from other countries who wanted to engage in digital transformation. The BIM Level 2 initiative has influenced the worldwide BIM implementation, while the UK BIM standards published by the British Standards Institution, BSI later supported the development of the international ISO 19650 standards.
At this point, I want to highlight that many countries and several organizations worldwide have worked extensively with BIM implementation; however there are significant differences in terms of the BIM requirements and implementation, e,g the US focuses more on technology, while the UK on processes, roles, and standards. A number of guides, templates, and guidance material have been published to support the BIM implementation at a local, regional or national level, while some are using the UK Standards as best practices or as a starting point.
ISO 19650 Pros
ISO 19650 series is comprised of 4 documents. ISO 19650–1 describes the principles, concepts, and terminology, ISO 19650–2 presents the details of the information management process, ISO 19650–3 focuses on the asset’s operational phase, and ISO 19650–5 on the security of information.
The ISO documents are based on the principles and the content of a currently redrawn PAS or a British standard, as part of the BIM Level UK suite of documents. (BS 1192: 2007 + A2: 2016, PAS 1192–2: 2013, PAS 1192–3: 2014 PAS 1192–4: 2014 PAS 1192–5: 2015 PAS 1192–6: 2018 BS 1192–4: 2014 BS 8536–1: 2015 BS 8536–2: 2016). The ISO series documents include activities and tasks, diagrams, and a step-by-step approach towards digital processes that supports the flow of information within the information management cycle (from the Project information model to the Asset information model). The ISO 19650 series is also connected to ISO 55000, ISO 21500 (Asset and project management), and ISO 9001 (Organizational management).
ISO 19650–2 has a provision for a National Annex that only a few countries developed so far to adjust to local conditions, such as Italy. The majority of countries have not developed a National Annex, or they are using formally or informally the UK National Annex included in the BS EN ISO 19650–2.
In terms of ISO standards and BIM, other ISO standards are relative to BIM and the construction sector, such as the ISO 12006, Building construction organization for information about construction works and the ISO 16739, the IFC international standards, and others. The ISO 19650 is the standard that addresses the “Digitization and organization of data about civil engineering works and buildings, including BIM”.
In general, standards help the construction industry make more effective and efficient projects by establishing design, construction, and manufacturing processes. An international standard for BIM can support the different construction markets to work together based on a common language. A common definition of BIM will help remote teams collaborate efficiently and increase construction sector efficiency and quality.
The reason that standards are vital to the construction industry is that the sector has significant problems that can be solved when applying a system or structure. For example, from my experience as a head of design, I had to deal with uncoordinated drawings with little attention to detail, spend hours layering drawings or deal with the fact that the site manager didn’t receive or follow the latest changes in the construction plans. The construction site is a complex ecosystem; without a system and a structured approach delays and errors occur. with a major impact on time and budget.
Another benefit of using ISO 19650 is that the new international standard reinforces the Employer/client/appointing party providing a structured process to support BIM project implementation. The standard highlights the client’s leading role in the early stages of the digital collaboration to establish the project’s information requirements and the collaborative platform, the Common data environment, CDE. These requirements will set the basis for the design, construction, and operation of the asset. As a result, the client influences the digital collaboration and the quality of deliverables. If the client doesn’t provide information requirements in line with ISO, then we can say that the project is not based on ISO 19650.
ISO 19650 Cons
ISO 19650 series, as ISO publications, are generic. For each concept explained, the reader needs to refer to other documents and standards, local, regional or international. The different parties have specific tasks, documents to generate, and resources to refer to. These connections to other sources are not well explained in the documents. The reader has to identify the relationships to other industry standards, which can make one’s BIM ISO journey a challenging task. To fully understand ISO, one needs additional guidance to understand the relationships between the various concepts, and this is provided by the UK National BIM Framework Guidance suite of documents. Still, if you are not based in the UK, the guidance should be considered carefully and examined in terms of your project’s local context. Nevertheless, the guidance is detailed, well structured, and provides valuable insights organized according to the specific topics. The guidance is available to download on the UK National Framework website for free.
The absence of details in the ISO documents has received many negative comments from leading experts. As a result, experts read and interpret the standard in their own understanding, and this can be an exhausting task that could result in misunderstandings and prolonged debates.
The terminology is another negative aspect of ISO. Terms such as the appointing party, lead appointed party, and appointed parties, or the phrase the appointing party appoints the lead appointed party, and the lead appointed party appoints the appointed parties, and so on. This terminology can be confusing when you read the document. Also, the graphics included in ISO are basic and difficult to read and don’t support the visual communication that such a high standard should provide.
Naming conventions have also received negative comments from the industry. It is undeniable that when we share information digitally, the use of structured and understandable naming conventions for information is vital. However, the XXX-XXX-XX-XX-XX-X-XX-XX-XX-XX-XXXX-XX-XXX naming of information containers seems a bit long and scary in my windows folder and difficult to read.
Last thoughts
The impact of BIM standards and, in particular the BS 1192:2007+A2:2016 (that led to ISO 19650), have on the industry is undeniable. BIM started as a UK practice but has been quickly adopted by the largest construction markets. In addition, various organizations work with BIM initiatives to support a unified approach in Europe, USA, and worldwide.
In terms of BIM technology, many start-ups invest in BIM-oriented workflows that support open BIM solutions, coordination, live sharing, and communication in a digital context. It is also worth mentioning that five years ago, only a part of the industry was interested in BIM; today, clients, architects, engineers, and contractors are increasingly interested in learning, actively engaging, and supporting the transformation.
Standards may consist of a few pages and hundreds of words. Still, the real opportunity lies in the fact that our industry’s nature, with the traditional workflows, the cultural gaps, the interoperability and execution issues, changes. The new path for the construction sector is led by digitalization, standardization, and innovation.
BIM is the heart of digitalization for the industry and is often referred to as the 4th evolution. The Fourth Industrial Revolution describes the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. It’s a fusion of advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, 3D printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other technologies.
This article was first published in the blog Breakwithanarchitect: https://www.breakwithanarchitect.com/post/what-i-learned-from-studying-the-iso-19650-bim-standards
Author: Panagiotidou Nicoleta, Founder, and Director at BIM Design Hub
BIM CPD certified online training, in line with ISO 19650
BIM training by BIM Design Hub introduces you to the concepts and principles of Building Information Modelling, BIM, in line with ISO 19650 and includes a reference to the UK standards applied to the BIM process.
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